Still mystery of Universe
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) spacecraft which measures differences across the sky in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background. This is radiation of heat that is left from the Big Bang, the oldest light in the Universe. The aircraft is recorded a map in every direction from year 2001. to 2010. It’s goal was to find out what is made of, what is his shape and age. The conclusion is that the Big Bang began with a quantum fluctuations and inflation. It has spread in the first trillion seconds (less than the blink of an eye) and it’s shape is flat and age is 13.8 billion years old. The Big Bang created space and time. The initial space pervaded by a certain amount of energy and matter through a process called nucleosynthesis. It was completed after 20 minutes after the Big Bang.
When it's cooled enough and nuclear fusion stopped there was a hot plasma of matter or a gigantic cloud like fog. Composed of the elements hydrogen and helium and began to develop the first atoms in the first 380.000 years. Then the cloud united with gravity and began to form the first Stars from 100 to 400 million years after the Big Bang.
Observations show that the rate of expansion is growing. It's also shows that most of the energy is an unknown form called dark energy. Most of the mass also exists in the form of an unknown and is called dark matter (about 95% of Universe). Energy density of dark energy does not change over time. After 9.8 billion years the Universe has expanded enough that the density of matter is less than the energy density and thus marks the current era of dark energy. In the current era of expansion of the Universe accelerating because of dark energy. What exactly happened before the Big Bang is still unknown.
Universe is all the space and time and all of it’s contents. Size is unknown and possibly infinite. In the Universe there are Galaxies, Stars and Planets. Proper spacing and distance between the Earth and the edge of the observed Universe is 46 billion light years. Diameter of the observed Universe would amount to 91 billion light-years if measured at specific times, including the present. We can not observe space beyond the edge of the visible Universe and it is unknown whether the size is finite or infinite. Interestingly, the average Galaxy is 30.000 light-years in diameter, whereas our Galaxy has about 100.000. The typical distance between Galaxies is about 3 million light-years.
There are several theories about the fate of the Universe:
The Big Freeze theory says that the Universe as a result of continuous expansion spend all the gas needed to form Stars and slowly become a dark place.
Hot Death theory suggests that is reduced to a state without free thermodynamic energy. Therefore can not maintain processes that consume energy. It follows second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy tends to increase in an isolated system. If the Universe lasts long enough, it will asymptotically approach the state where all the energy is evenly distributed (maximum entropy). In other words, in nature there is a tendency for dissipation of temperature and mechanical energy (movement) or extrapolation. There is opinion that the mechanical movement of the Universe will stop in the distant future. Hot death does not imply any particular absolute temperature. It only requires that the temperature differences or other processes can no longer be used to perform the job. This is compatible with four theories.
Big Rip theory says that dark energy increase over time, including acceleration and all matter will fall apart in the unbound elementary particles and radiation, torn phantom power where it will end state of the Universe become a singularity. The density of dark energy and the rate of expansion become infinite.
Big Crunch theory says that the Universe began with a Big Bang and expansion to reach the point where the density of the Universe be enough to stop the spread of the process and turn around and begin contracting. The end result in this scenario is unknown.
Big Bounce theory is a cyclic repetition of the Universe, where the Big Bang in which the first cosmological event result of the dissolution of the previous Universe.
It’s estimated that 100 trillion years from now, the formation of stars will end…
Simulation by NASA Imagery.Space Beauty
Helix
The Helix Nebula or NGC 7293 is a large planetary Nebula located in the constellation Aquarius. Generally speaking, this object is one of the closest to the Earth, of all the bright Planetary Nebulae. The estimated distance is about 700 light-years.
Ring
The Ring Nebula or NGC 6720 is a planetary Nebula in the northern constellation of Lyra. Such objects are formed when a shell of ionized gas is expelled into the surrounding interstellar medium by a red giant Star, which was passing through the last stage in it's evolution before becoming a White Dwarf. In brief, it's distance is 2.300 light-years from Earth.
Sombrero
Sombrero Galaxy or NGC 4594 is an unbarred spiral Galaxy in the constellation Virgo located 31 million light-years from Earth. Of course, the Galaxy has a diameter of approximately 50.000 light-year.
Carina
The Carina Nebula or NGC 3372 is a large, complex area of bright and dark nebulosity in the constellation Carina and is located in the Carina-Sagittarius Arm. In summary, the Nebula lies at an estimated distance between 6.500 and 10.000 light-years from Earth.
Eagle
The Eagle Nebula or NGC 6611 is a young open cluster of Stars in the constellation Serpens. The Nebula contains several active star-forming gas and dust regions, including the Pillars of Creation. Evidence from the Spitzer Telescope suggests that the pillars in NGC 6611 may already have been destroyed by a Supernova explosion.
Crab
The Crab Nebula or NGC 1952 is a Supernova remnant in the constellation of Taurus. In fact, the Nebula lies in the Perseus Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy, at a distance of about 6.500 light-years from Earth.
Cat's Eye
The Cat's Eye Nebula or NGC 6543 is a relatively bright Planetary Nebula in the northern constellation of Draco. Planetary Nebulae distances like NGC 6543 are generally very inaccurate and not well known.
Eskimo
The Eskimo Nebula or NGC 2392 is surrounded by gas that composed the outer layers of a Sun-like star. In addition, the visible inner filaments are ejected by a strong wind of particles from the central star. The outer disk contains unusual light-year-long filaments. In conclusion, NGC 2392 lies more than 2.870 light-years away and is visible in the constellation of Gemini.
Monocerotis
V838 Monocerotis is a red variable Star in the constellation Monoceros about 20.000 light-years from the Sun.
Hubble
The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field is an image of a small region of space in the constellation Fornax, containing an estimated 10.000 Galaxies. Looking back approximately 13 billion years (between 400 and 800 million years after the Big Bang) it has been used to search for Galaxies that existed at that time.