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Land is a solid surface of the Earth that is not permanently covered with water, refers to the total area of land including the islands. Earth’s total land mass is 148.939.063 km2, which is about 29.2% of the total surface of the Planet. Land heats and cools faster than the air or water. Latitude land affects how much solar radiation reaching the surface. High latitudes receive less solar radiation than low. The height of land is important in creating a flow of air and precipitation on Earth. Mountain ranges diverted wind energy and make the air less dense and can hold less heat. As the air rises, the cooling effect caused by condensation and precipitation.   Reflection of the land called the planetary albedo and the types of land cover that receives energy from the Sun affects the amount of energy that is reflected or transmitted to Earth. Vegetation has a relatively low albedo, which means that the surface vegetation absorb the sun’s energy. Forests have albedo of 10-15%, whil...

Air is the name for a mixture of gases that make up the Earth’s atmosphere and is one of the basic conditions for life. Animals, plants and humans breathe oxygen, but plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. For example, at high altitudes, there is very little air. Warmer air is lighter than the colder and rises above, the cooler is lowered down. Air movement is called wind. Air pressure is lowered when the weather is unfavorable and increases when it is convenient. Barometer is a device that measures air pressure. The air carried a variety of phenomena such as wind, clouds, rain, ice storm, snow, rime, fog and lightning. In fact, the atmosphere is a layer of gases that surrounds our Planet, which keeps the Earth’s gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation. It warming the Planet surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect) and reducing temperature extremes between day and night. The atmosphere becomes thinner and thin...

Big Bang theory is a really big idea. Why is dark outside at night? If the Universe was static the sky above it should be glowing of light because each light in the Universe have time to reach us. But it’s not like that. It’s dark outside, which means that the whole Universe started from a single point, 13.8 billion years ago. Big Bang theory explains that the Universe expanded from a state of very high density and temperature. Specifically through a singularity, quantum fluctuation and inflation – exponential expansion of the Universe. Light travels at the speed of 299.792.458 meters per second. Because of the great distances some light can’t reach us. That is because the Universe is expanding and accelerating, Galaxies are more and more away from each other.   Edwin Hubble confirms Big Bang theory In the year 1929., Edwin Hubble is using a telescope and examining the relationship between distance and redshift Galaxies. Combining their measurements of galactic distances...

Knowing basic survival skills is very useful if you are in such a situation. If it does, the first and the most important thing you can do is eliminate panic and stay calm. It would be best to sit down, consider, observe your environment and prepare for survival by collecting materials. It is important to stay calm and go with your plan very quickly. Do not wait a few days, to not lose your strength and endurance. Make a call for help On big visible place make S.O.S. sign for help. Plot the letters in sand or gravel if possible. Even better would be to make a mark with the help of the leaves or wood, so the sign will be time consuming and easier to see. Find a water source You should use containers or make them using large leaves. Storing rainwater, as much as possible. It is also possible, depending on the ground, that there is a source of water. Drinking water is the most important, because without it is possible to die in a few days.   Find food You should find a fruits o...

Life on Earth began approximately 3.5 billion years ago (possibly earlier) and the mechanism by which it started is still unknown. Since the beginning of life, it has developed in different forms and can thrive and survive in a wide range of conditions. More than 99% of all types or more than five million species that have ever lived on Earth are estimated to have become extinct and extant species have from 10 to 14 millions. It is also possible that life started elsewhere in the Universe immediately after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago (from 10 to 17 million years old Universe). Humanity confirms life only on Earth but many think it is possible beyond our blue Planet. The definition of life is a distinguishing feature of physical entities that have biological processes. Such as signaling and self-sustaining process of those who do not. That's because they lack such functions and are classified as non-living or such a function is stopped, ie, the death occurred. The smalle...

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) spacecraft which measures differences across the sky in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background. This is radiation of heat that is left from the Big Bang, the oldest light in the Universe. The aircraft is recorded a map in every direction from year 2001. to 2010. It’s goal was to find out what is made of, what is his shape and age. The conclusion is that the Big Bang began with a quantum fluctuations and inflation. It has spread in the first trillion seconds (less than the blink of an eye) and it’s shape is flat and age is 13.8 billion years old. The Big Bang created space and time. The initial space pervaded by a certain amount of energy and matter through a process called nucleosynthesis. It was completed after 20 minutes after the Big Bang. When it's cooled enough and nuclear fusion stopped there was a hot plasma of matter or a gigantic cloud like fog. Composed of the elements hydrogen and helium and began to...

Earth is the third Planet from the Sun in the Solar System, located about 149.600.000 kilometers away. If we turn off the Sun, at this distance, the light should be about 8 minutes on Earth before become dark. It is estimated that the age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years. In theory the Earth was created from the Nebula, with gas, dust and ice grains. That cloud is in the midst of collapsing gravity began to spin and straightened the round disc. Then, Planets are beginning to grow. Bits of dust and ice, circling around the young Sun, colliding and merging, were becoming larger and so have shaped our Planet. In the fierce mutual collisions of these huge building blocks were created Planets. Moon orbiting the Earth, it was formed by the collision of two large bodies. One is the size of Mars, another of today’s Earth, which was later a smaller body, remained circling around the Earth. We call it Moon. Part of the collision threw debris into Space and some remained on t...