Land as solid surface of the Planet

Land is a solid surface of the Earth that is not permanently covered with water, refers to the total area of land including the islands. Earth’s total land mass is 148.939.063 km2, which is about 29.2% of the total surface of the Planet. Land heats and cools faster than the air or water. Latitude land affects how much solar radiation reaching the surface. High latitudes receive less solar radiation than low. The height of land is important in creating a flow of air and precipitation on Earth. Mountain ranges diverted wind energy and make the air less dense and can hold less heat. As the air rises, the cooling effect caused by condensation and precipitation.
 

Reflection of the land called the planetary albedo and the types of land cover that receives energy from the Sun affects the amount of energy that is reflected or transmitted to Earth. Vegetation has a relatively low albedo, which means that the surface vegetation absorb the sun’s energy. Forests have albedo of 10-15%, while lawns are albedo of 15-20%. Sandy desert have albedo 25-40%. Land use by humans also plays a major role in regional and global climate. Densely populated cities are warmer and create urban heat islands that have an impact on precipitation, cloud cover and temperatures in the region.