Kingdom of Fungi on Earth
Fungi are one of the empires in the domain of eukaryotes. In fact, eukaryote organisms or cells in which the genetic material located in the core shrouded special double core membrane. Parts are stem and hat. It has been scientifically processed only 70.000 species. It is assumed that there are about a million and a half species.
These are organisms without chlorophyll. It's body can be constructed from one or more cells. They do not have chloroplasts and we include them in heterotrophic organisms. They feed on dead organic material of beings, so they are saprophytes. By way of creating a dispute they are classified as ascomycota, crinoid and mildew. Many are used as edible, medicinal, psychoactive, hallucinogenic (Amanita Muscaria, Psilocibe, Konocibe and others). Many are toxic (Boletus Satanas, Amanita Phalloides and others).
Knowing the type is very important. Identification is essential and is not the only element of picking. Knowledge of where to look is also important. Most species require very specific conditions. For example, some will grow only along the bottom of a certain type of trees. Some grow in the meadows or on other grounds. Royal boletus is popular delicacy. Yellow bread (also known as sulfur shelf, chicken fungi or forest fowl) is often collected as appearing in droves, year after year, it is easy to identify and has a wide range of culinary uses. Chanterelles, morels, oyster fungi, puffball and eyelet are among the most popular types to read. Anyone with experience can hardly go wrong and replace them with some other kind.
Mainly consist of water (75 - 93%), protein (2.5 - 7%). Other ingredients are carbohydrates and minerals, also important. Especially important is the presence of phosphorus and vitamins. In fact, aromatic ingredients make that fungi may be the spice for food and plenty raise their quality.
They breed in different asexual (spores and budding) and sexual ways. For instance, simplest form is a clone by separating the mycelium. In asexual reproduction by spores is significant big difference, also the most primitive types of aquatic reproduce by zoospore with cilia that arise in zoosporangia. Primitive types that live on land reproduce different spore shrouded membrane. Disputes may arise out of sporangia (conidia) or within the sporangia (endospores). Sexual reproduction is also different. In arhimiceta sexual breeding occurs by coupling the male and female sex cells, resulting in a special genital of fungi. Ficomicet sexual cells consisting only of the core, so that the fertilization is carried out with germ tubes. In crinoid and ascomycota there was a complete reduction of the sexual organs.
Fungi are a special form of life on Earth has developed three basic strategies of survival in nature.
Basic classification of Fungi:
- Myxomycota (slime mold), protists like fungi- Oomycota, fungi oomycete
- Zygomycota
- Ascomycota
- Basidiomycota, crinoid
Fungi can be symbionts. They living in a community with many plant species and have mutual benefit. Fungi retain water in the mycelium and that water use plants by the roots extract mineral substances necessary for growth. Saprophytes (decomposers) without whose action in nature could not reach the decomposition of organic substances of plant origin. If there were no fungi, forests would be crushed in own waste. Dermatophytes (parasites) that infect living plants, animals, people and other fungi. Through a network of thin hyphae, fungi absorb nutrients from living or non-living organic matter.